• Applicable scenarios:
• Shale gas/shale oil: Absolute mainstream, used for large-scale volume fracturing.
• Tight sandstone gas (relatively brittle formations): Used with high pump rates to create fractures.
• Coalbed methane: Protects coal matrix, prevents clay swelling.
• Large-scale fracturing: Operations requiring huge fluid volumes and pursuing very low cost.
• Typical limitation: Limited proppant transport capacity (conventional proppant concentration <15%-20%), can be used in combination with crosslinked polymer/guar fracturing fluids.